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Canine Reproduction
What is a swimmer puppy? What causes the flattened chest and deformed ribs? Are single-puppy litters more likely to produce a swimmer due to lack of stimulation? |
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Swimming Puppy SyndromeBarbara "BJ" Andrews, Publisher TheDogPlace.org
What is a “swimmer puppy”? What causes the flattened chest and deformed ribs? Are singleton puppies more likely to become swimmers?
If you are an active breeder, depending on your breed of choice, sooner or later, you are likely to have a “swimming puppy.” The affected pup fails to crawl normally. Instead, the swimmer puppy moves with legs splayed out to the side in what has been compared to a swimmer’s breast stroke. Thus, crawling or resting, the front legs don’t properly support the chest which allows the whelp’s weight to flatten the sternum and spread the rib cage.
An otherwise normal “swimmer” is not the same as pectus ecavatum which is the term for a severe deformity wherein the sternum (breastbone) actually protrudes into the chest cavity. A normally rounded chest can begin to flatten within hours of birth but may go undetected in a large litter. Early diagnosis depends on astute observation and frequent handling of puppies. An experienced breeder can detect a “flat feeling chest” by holding the whelp chest-side down in the palm of the hand. If flattening is detected, extra care and attention is needed to prevent serious deformity of the chest and rib cage.
It is rare for an entire litter to be affected. Some studies have shown that “swimmer puppy syndrome” is highest in obese puppies. The debate then is whether that’s because fewer calories are expended in struggling for a teat or there is genetic component linking small litter size with fetal obesity.
Can flat chest syndrome be prevented?The big story is in the newspaper! The one in your whelping box… Swimmers were more common when puppies were whelped and reared on newspaper. That fact, in and of itself, is a good indication that it is less genetic, prenatal, or weight-related than it is environmental. Admiring my first purebred litter, I noted the newborn’s back feet slipping on newspaper as they struggled to propel themselves forward to the teat. I immediately switched their bedding to rags and rugs. In over half a century and litters ranging from Akitas to Toy Fox Terriers, we bought countless bolts of carpet but I have never had a swimmer.
For the last 20 years I've used Dry Deck rubber matting. I learned of it through horses. It is what the Budweiser Clydsdales stand on. Used in the whelping bed it is also extremely sanitary.
Ineffective Righting Reflex may indicate inner ear defect.It has been reported that early symptoms of the flat-chest syndrome are a puppy that either cannot or that chooses not to lay on his side. If turned onto his side, he will “right” himself by rolling back onto his belly, thus putting pressure on the chest.
Sophisticated testing may be needed to determine whether the whelp actually suffers a defect in the righting reflex, which is an instinctive knowledge of position. There may be a genetic component related to embryonic development of the inner ear. The ear is closed at birth but the inner ear is rich in nerve endings that send electrical impulses to the infant brain. One of those signals is the righting reflex and within a few days, the whelp will begin to struggle when held on his back in your hand. If his littermates wiggle and squirm but one pup lays limp, there is cause for concern.
Most whelps nurse from any position, from belly-down to upside-down or lined up on their sides like little sausage links. The newborn that can only nurse (and sleep) belly-down stands out early as a potential swimmer and should be watched. When the dam is ready to let her milk down, quietly put the suspect swimmer on a good nipple that he likes - but place him on his side. If he turns belly-down, turn him back until he relaxes in that position and goes about the business of feeding before mom shuts the spigot off. The theory here is that his swimmer-position is just a silly preference that can be re-programmed. Watch him each time he nurses to be sure he stays on his side.
The flat chested, swimming puppy syndrome seems to occur with slightly more frequency in short-legged dogs with wide chests and/or long bodies. Example breeds would be the bulldog, basset, and Scottie but no breed is immune to the deformity which can vary in degree from slight to crippling. The Bulldog Club of America also has excellent information on the swimming puppy. Like Scotty breeders, Bulldoggers are an inventive lot and have used mechanical support devises to lessen splaying of the front legs and encourage proper development.
A simple summation:
Swimmer puppies don't know they are afflicted so it is up to the breeder to make the right decision. Common sense says, don’t breed a swimmer. Copyright ? TheDogPlace.org 1461582003 https://www.thedogplace.org/Reproduction/Swimming-Puppy-Syndrome_Andrews-146.asp SSI Brought to you by the NetPlaces Network
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